Notes on Radiata in the museum of Yale College.книга
Аннотация: y ' 4 e Co rCoelasterias, gen.nov.Large starfishes, with four rows of ambulacral suckers, and large, swollen rays (eleven in the typical species), which are free to near the base, and are united beneath by a group of interradial plates.Interambulacral plates united directly to the first row of ventral plates, and these to a second row of larger plates without the intervention of open spaces like those seen in Asterias.Dorsal surface with large, strong, imbricated, irregularly arranged ossicles or plates, bearing short, very numerous spines.This genus is more closely allied to Asterias (Asteracanthion) than to Heliuster, and approaches still nearer to Stichaster, but appears very distinct from either.The excessive development of the abactinal system over the ambulacral is its most remarkable characteristic.In this respect it contrasts strongly with the next genus.The form and general aspect is that of a Solaster.Ccelasterias australis Verrill, sp.nov.Rays eleven, in the only specimen seen, large, inflated, rounded, tapering rapidly to the end.Disk of moderate size, swollen; radius of disk to length of rays, measuring from the center, as 2:6.The triangular interradial space beneath is occupied by a cluster of irregular stout plates, mostly without spines.Ambulacral grooves relatively narrow and shallow, the pores small and crowded, in four well-marked rows, The interambulacral plates usually bear alternately one and two spines, which are long and rather slender toward the mouth, but short, thick and obtuse toward the end of the ray, and much crowded in indistinct rows.The next row of plates is united directly to TRANS.ConnEcticuT AcAD., VoL.I. 32 FEBRUARY, 1867.248 Verrill, Notes on Radiata.these, and the plates are small, longest lengthwise of the ray, and each bears a short, thick spine, but little larger than the preceding, and forming a regular, rather open row.Exterior to these is another ventral row of large, strong, imbricated, prominent plates, each bearing at its summit two very thick, short, obtuse spines, much larger than the interambulacral ones, and arranged in a single row, and on their external side each plate usually supports two or more short, rounded, much smaller spines, the largest of which usually form a regularrow.The plates of the first lateral row are much elongated transversely to the ray, imbricated and strong, and so united to the ventral as to leave large openings between; each bears about twelve small, short, rounded, clavate spines, which are placed along the plates in single or double rows transverse to the ray.The plates of the median dorsal row have a similar form, and bear a similar transverse row of spines, which are somewhat larger.Between these and the first row of lateral plates the plates are irregular in form and arrangement, but short and imbricated, with unequal openings between, forming, about five indistinct rows, all covered with groups of short sub-globular spines, giving an even appearance to the surface, but with large vacant spaces between.Madreporic plate, small, of fine texture, situated a little nearer to the center of the disk than its edge.Minor pedicellariz few, at the bases of the spines and on the spaces between, longer than broad, obtuse, somewhat compressed, constricted near the base.A few major pedicellariz, scattered on the dorsal surface and on the interradial surface beneath, are much larger and stouter, with enlarged bases and obtuse tips.Greatest diameter 11 inches; disk 4; width of rays at base 1:25.Aukland, New Zealand,-H.Edwards.Coscinasterias, gen.nov.Starfishes with many rays, which are elongated, slender, and united only at the base, without interradial plates beneath.Disk small.Ambulacra broad, highly developed, suckers very numerous, in four rows.Spines prominent, arranged in longitudinal rows on the rays.Dorsal surface with large, scattered pedicellarie.Madreporic plate large, irregular, often with several accessory ones placed irregularly on various parts of the disk.Dorsal plates (ossicles) arranged much as in Asterias.The excessive development of the rays and ambulacral system, compared with the disk or central cavity, is the most characteristic feature of this genus.The Asterias aster Gray, probably belongs to this genus, bel is too imperfectly described for identification.Verrili, Notes on Radiata. 249Coscinasterias muricata Verrill, sp.nov.Rays nine to eleven, slender, tapering, rounded above, flat below owing to the width of the ambulacra, narrowed at the base, five to seven times as long as the radius of the disk, which is small.Ambulacral furrows shallow and broad, with very numerous small suckers, crowded in four rows.Interambulacral plates thin, somewhat imbricated, connected with the lateral plates by a row of small, stout ossicles which alternate with small rounded pores.Each interambulacral plate usually bears a long, slender, tapering spine; these are arranged in a single close row.External to these is a row of distant, longer and stouter cylindrical spines, arising singly from the connecting ossicles between the interambulacral and ventral plates.The latter are strong and imbricated, each usually bearing two longer and stouter blunt spines, which form a crowded double row, along the sides of the arm.Ossicles of the upper surface very stout, bearing strong, acute spines, which are arranged in about five open rows, the median and two external alone reaching the base of the ray; those of the median row are somewhat larger, and all are surrounded by close wreaths of minute pedicellaria.On the disk they are smaller and loosely scattered, often obtuse.The major pedicellariz are numerous, scattered over the whole dorsal surface and between the ventral spines, and also form a row within the edge of the ambulacral furrow.They vary considerably in size and form upon different parts.Most of those of the dorsal surface are stout, oval, compressed, pointed, nearly twice as long as wide, about '05 of an inch long, while with them are others of similar form not half as large.Those in the ambulacral furrows are even longer, but more acutely pointed.The madreporic plates are variable in number and size as well as position.One appears to be always in its normal position and near the edge of the disk, while the accessory ones are introduced at various points around the disk, but at about the same distance from the margin.Sometimes, when there are but two and the rays are in even numbers, they are directly opposite and in the same transverse plane.A specimen with eleven rays has two contiguous ones and another separated by four rays, each being composed of several pieces united.One specimen has but one large, convex madreporic plate.The largest specimen is 7°5 inches in diameter across the rays, with a disk 1:25 inches in diameter; rays '5 broad; interambulacral spines, 15 long.Aukland, New Zealand,-H.Edwards.Verrill, Notes on Radiata.Asterina (Asteriscus) regularis Verrill, sp.nov.Pentagonal, depressed, with the interradial spaces evenly concave, and the rays short, broad and acute ; greatest radius to least as 15 : 10.Ambulacral pores large; interambulacral plates each with two slender acute spines, forming a single row.Those near the mouth larger, obtuse and flattened.Ventral plates of the first row stout and prominent, each bearing a conical, acute spine, twice as large as the preceding.Exterior to these the ventral or interradial plates are flattened and imbricated, diminishing in size as they recede from the center> each bearing an acute conical spine; these diminish in size like the plates, the larger ones being about as thick as the interambulacral spines, but shorter; near the margin these spines become very small and crowded, many of the plates bearing two.Plates of the upper surface rather large, increasing toward the center, regularly imbricated, the free margin evenly rounded and thin, bearing near the end a cluster of five to nine very small, nearly equal spines; toward the center the plates become less regular in form and unequal in size, the larger ones often bearing twelve or fourteen spines in a transverse cluster.Madreporic plate large and prominent, at about one-third of the distance from the center to the margin.The large dorsal pores are in groups on the sides and within the bases of the rays, arranged in about four rows, which run parallel with the median line of the rays, with from six to twelve pores in arow.A few irregularly arranged pores between adjacent rays connect these groups.Color, when dried, dark olive-green above, yellow below.From center to end of ray 1°5 inches; to edge of disk °8.Aukland, New Zealand,-H.Edwards.Astropecten Edwardsii Verrill, sp.nov.Rays five, long, regularly tapering, acute, about four and a half times as long as the radius of the disk.Ambulacra broad, interambulacral plates angular, imbricated, each bearing a cluster of three or four slender spines on the inner edge, and two or three smaller ones on the outer angle, not forming regular rows.Ventral plates densely covered with minute rough spines, each having also a central series of sharp spines, the inner ones very small, increasing outwardly to the external, marginal ones, which are strong, sharp and slightly curved upward, a quarter inch long.The lower marginal plates are opposite the upper, and project considerably beyond them.The latter are elevated and narrow, twenty-eight on each side of a ray, the two at the angle between the rays much higher and larger, covered like the rest with rough rounded granules, and each surmounted by a stout, blunt Ophiura Daniana Verrill, sp.nov.A depressed species, with short, tapering arms, and partially covered radial-shields.Upper genital openings visible from above, with elevated borders, Side mouth-shields naked.Under arm-plates broad and strongly concave outwardly.Arms speckled above with dark brown, and having a row of distant, circular spots of yellowish-white ; beneath white.Diameter of disk *55 of an inch; arms 2 inches long; '15 wide at 5) base.Mouth-papille ten or eleven on each side of the mouth-slits ; * Mr. Lyman describes the young as having naked radial shields.Our specimens, both large and small, have them covered.* See Catalogue Mus.Comp.Zodl., Pl.I, fig. 5. 258 Verrill, Notes on Radiata.small ones; the central one is largest, nearly circular, surrounded by a rosette of several circles of plates, from which a band of three rows of plates radiates to each interbranchial margin, and a less regluar row to the base of each arm between the radial shields; these are longer than broad, pointed at each end, irregular, placed obliquely, and widely separated at the outer edges, which are bordered next to the base of the arms by a large convex plate.The upper arm-plates are quite regular, with nearly straight outer and inner edges, widest outwardly, with slightly concave, diverging sides; near the ends of the arms they become fan-shaped, and the side-plates meet above.Near the base of the arms there are five very short arm-spines, of which the lowest two are slightly longer than the others.Color, in alcohol, umber-brown above, with slightly indicated bands of lighter brown toward the ends of the arms; below uniformly brown, of a somewhat lighter shade.Young specimens are lighter colored, especially beneath.In another specimen the disk is grayish yellow; upper side of arms the same, with transverse bands of brownish, occupying two or three plates, and an interrupted light stripe, bordered with brown along the middle, formed by a spot of yellowish white on the outer edge of each plate.All the upper plates are mottled with lighter and darker yellowish brown.
Год издания: 1871
Авторы: A. E. Verrill
Ключевые слова: Historical and Architectural Studies
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Biodiversity Heritage Library (Smithsonian Institution) (PDF)
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