NATURAL FOCI OF TULAREMIA ON THE TERRITORY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (A REVIEW)статья из журнала
Аннотация: Natural foci of tularemia are found in all federal districts of the Russian Federation. In the north, the infection was detected beyond the Polar Circle up to 71° N. Twelve cultures of Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica were isolated from environmental media. On the territory of Russia, seven main landscape types of natural foci of tularemia are established: floodplain-swamp, meadow-field, steppe, forest, foothillstream, tundra and tugai (floodplain-desert). They have regional ecological and epidemiological features and different species composition of the hosts of the infectious agent. Out of the 101 species of mammals studied for tularemia, 56 species were highly susceptible and highly sensitive to the pathogen (group I) – 55.5 ± 5.0 % of the total number of animals studied. Ixodid, argas and gamasid ticks, mosquitoes, horseflies, midges are the transmission vectors of the causative agent of tularemia. Among insects, horseflies and mosquitoes are of particular epidemiological importance. Among mites, ixodid ticks of the genus Dermacentor and gamasid ticks of the genus Hirstionyssus are the most dangerous transmission vectors of tularemia pathogens. The disease is mostly sporadic, though there are clusters of infection and epidemiological outbreaks (the largest were recorded in 2005 and 2013). Most often, the infection has occurred in the Northwestern Federal District. The disease can be transmitted in alimentary and transmissible ways, by contact and aspiration. It has been established that under natural conditions the causative agent of tularemia can persist for a long time (up to 60 years), forming stationary epizootic and epidemiological foci of infection. There is a distinct downward trend in the incidence of tularemia among people and stabilization of the epidemiological situation in Russia.
Год издания: 2023
Источник: VESTNIK OF THE BASHKIR STATE AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY
Ключевые слова: Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research, Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research, Insect and Pesticide Research
Открытый доступ: gold
Том: 68
Выпуск: 4
Страницы: 88–96