Аннотация:Guidelines recommend intravesical instillation of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) as the first-choice treatment for intermediate- and high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). However, there is no therapeutic biomarker for predicting BCG efficacy, especially in high-risk cases with high failure rates. HER2 expression is considered a prognostic factor for bladder cancer.
