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Canopy structure,topography, andweather are equallyimportant drivers ofsmall-scale snowcover dynamics insub-alpine forests Giulia MazzottiClare WebsterLouis Quéno2023 год

Canopy structure, topography, and weather are equally important drivers of small-scale snow cover dynamics in sub-alpine forests
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Аннотация: Abstract. In mountain regions, forests that overlap with seasonal snow mostly reside in complex terrain. Due to persisting major observational challenges in these environments, the combined impact of forest structure and topography on seasonal snow cover dynamics is still poorly understood. Recent advances in forest snow process representation and increasing availability of detailed canopy structure datasets, however, now allow for hyper-resolution (<5 m) snow model simulations capable of resolving tree-scale processes. These can shed light on the complex process interactions that govern forest snow dynamics. We present multi-year simulations at 2 m resolution obtained with FSM2, a mass- and energy-balance-based forest snow model specifically developed and validated for metre-scale applications. We simulate an ∼3 km2 model domain encompassing forested slopes of a sub-alpine valley in the eastern Swiss Alps and six snow seasons. Simulations thus span a wide range of canopy structures, terrain characteristics, and meteorological conditions. We analyse spatial and temporal variations in forest snow energy balance partitioning, aiming to quantify and understand the contribution of individual energy exchange processes at different locations and times. Our results suggest that snow cover evolution is equally affected by canopy structure, terrain characteristics, and meteorological conditions. We show that the interaction of these three factors can lead to snow accumulation and ablation patterns that vary between years. We further identify higher snow distribution variability and complexity in slopes that receive solar radiation early in winter. Our process-level insights corroborate and complement existing empirical findings that are largely based on snow distribution datasets only. Hyper-resolution simulations as presented here thus help to better understand how snowpacks and ecohydrological regimes in sub-alpine regions may evolve due to forest disturbances and a warming climate. They could further support the development of process-based sub-grid forest snow cover parameterizations or tiling approaches for coarse-resolution modelling applications.
Год издания: 2023
Авторы: Giulia Mazzotti, Clare Webster, Louis Quéno, Bertrand Cluzet, Tobias Jonas
Издательство: Copernicus Publications
Источник: Hydrology and earth system sciences
Ключевые слова: Cryospheric studies and observations, Tree-ring climate responses, Landslides and related hazards
Другие ссылки: Hydrology and earth system sciences (PDF)
Hydrology and earth system sciences (HTML)
Duo Research Archive (University of Oslo) (PDF)
Duo Research Archive (University of Oslo) (HTML)
DORA WSL (Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research) (PDF)
DORA WSL (Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research) (HTML)