Аннотация:Obesity (WHO, 2019), is an incurable and chronic pathological condition, of degenerative evolution, which affects thousands of people around the world. The objectives of the study are to analyze the psychological factors in patients undergoing bariatric surgery who have gained weight and to relate adherence to the multidisciplinary team as a cause. This is a systematic literature review research with articles in the databases: Scientific and Technical Literature of Latin America and the Caribbean, National Library of the United States, MEDLINE and in the Scientific Eletronic Library Online database, with descriptors: "Postoperative Bariatric Surgery", "Psychology and Bariatric Surgery" and "Weight Gain after Bariatric Surgery" associated with the Boolean operator AND. Between 2017 and 2022, a total of 794 articles in Portuguese, Spanish and English were analyzed. We excluded 760 articles because they were not within the focus of this review, as well as those that did not meet the inclusion criteria. The final sample had 33 publications. The analysis of the data demonstrated unequivocally that the abandonment of psychological and nutritional counseling contributed decisively to the weight gain of patients.
