Handbook of Sustainable Innovationкнига
Аннотация: All organizations have social, environmental and economic impacts that affect people, their communities and the natural environment.Impacts can be positive and negative and include intended as well as unintended effects.While intended effects are related to the activities of an organization and explicitly aimed for, unintended effects are also related to the activities of the organization but are not explicitly aimed for by the organization (Maas, 2009).Intended effects include, for example, the production of products or services.In the case of for-profit organizations they also include profit for the shareholders.These effects are accounted for by the organization and are traditionally included in performance measurement and management decisions.Unintended effects might include effects on the natural environment such as emissions of air pollutants, waste and energy use.Moreover, unintended effects can include adverse impacts on human beings, their property, their welfare and their well-being.Governments, activists, the media and consumers request organizations to be increasingly accountable for the social and environmental consequences of their organizational activities.This development has contributed to the judgement that most firms operate on business models that are not sustainable (Boons et al., 2013).Innovation -in particular, sustainable innovation connected to new business models -is often positioned as a win-win situation for society and the business (Porter and Kramer, 2011).Consequently, interest in sustainable innovation is rapidly increasing (Boons and Lüdeke-Freund, 2013).Circular economy (CE) and related circular business models are a recent trend in sustainable innovation.CE is most often defined as 'an economy where finite resources are circulating in a closed-loop system' (Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2012), although the social dimension is increasingly integrated into the definition as well (for example, Murray, Skene and Haynes, 2017).To do business in a circular way, firm operations need to be adjusted from the linear take-make-use-dispose strategy towards smart and durable design, use and reuse at a resource, component and/or product level (Achterberg, Hinfelaar and Bocken, 2016).The traction that innovations towards a circle economy have reached in the past decade seems to stem from the promise that the underlying business models are expected to deliver high business profits hand in hand with positive ecological (resource and low carbon) and social impacts (Ellen MacArthur Foundation and McKinsey & Company, 2014).Despite this promise, it is often unclear how and whether circular enterprises are aiming to maximize, measure and adjust their strategy based on societal impact (Maas, 2009;Ewen et al., 2017).We know little about what type of impact circular enterprises expect to make, whether they measure their impact and if they use the results to adjust their strategy where necessary.This leads us to the following research question: what is the expected impact of different types of innovations by firms towards a circular economy, and do firms measure
Год издания: 2019
Авторы: Dionne Ewen, Karen Maas, Helen Toxopeus
Издательство: Edward Elgar Publishing
Источник: Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks
Ключевые слова: University-Industry-Government Innovation Models, Regional Development and Policy, Sustainable Development and Environmental Policy
Другие ссылки: Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks (HTML)
Library Union Catalog of Bavaria, Berlin and Brandenburg (B3Kat Repository) (HTML)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (PDF)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (HTML)
Library Union Catalog of Bavaria, Berlin and Brandenburg (B3Kat Repository) (HTML)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (PDF)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (HTML)
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