1. Noncatalytic and catalytic oxidation of organic pollutants in wastewater by airглава из книги
Аннотация: Noncatalytic and catalytic oxidation of organic pollutants in wastewater by air 1.1 IntroductionWith the ever-increasing worldwide population and demand for various goods and commodities, rapid economic development gives rise to increasing volume of wastewater globally produced by various industrial sectors, such as chemical, pharmaceutical, petrochemical, food, oil refineries, dyes and textiles, and agricultural activities.Consequently, they pose a greater challenge to the environmental remediation and protection, which calls for more effective and efficient technology for the wastewater treatment in order to meet more stringent discharge standards.Among different types of pollutants generated by industry, organic wastes account for the majority, which often contain highly toxic and hazardous compounds, such as aromatic and phenolic hydrocarbons, chlorinated and halogenated solvents, organic dyes and azo derivatives, pesticides, herbicides, and antibiotics [1].Each of these organic pollutant families requires specific elimination methods, which should be judiciously selected to obtain minimum traces of residual organic contents as the main criterion (Figure 1.1).Traditionally, wastewater treatment processes, such as biological, thermal, and physicochemical methods, are widely used for the removal of pollutants.Activated sludge method, a conventional biological treatment, normally requires relatively long residence time (25-60 h) and large-scale treatment plants.Furthermore, it is prone to contaminant fluctuation and unable to handle nonbiodegradable and toxic compounds as they are deemed poisonous to the microorganisms [2,3].Thermal method, such as incineration at temperature above 1,000 °C is usually appropriate for effluents with chemical oxygen demand (COD) larger than 100 g L -1 but is highly energy intensive and generates hazardous emissions of NO x , SO x , dioxin, and furan [4].Physical techniques such as flocculation, precipitation, adsorption, and membrane separation require posttreatment and often generate a large amount of sludge [5], while chemical methods using strong oxidizing agents such as chlorine [6] and potassium permanganate [7] are expensive and environmentally unfriendly although they can be carried out at ambient condition.Given the aforementioned limitations, it is apparent that more effective and eco-friendly processes for industrial wastewaters need to be further developed.
Год издания: 2019
Авторы: Poernomo Gunawan, Ziyi Zhong
Издательство: De Gruyter
Источник: De Gruyter eBooks
Ключевые слова: Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis
Другие ссылки: De Gruyter eBooks (HTML)
DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University) (PDF)
DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University) (HTML)
DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University) (PDF)
DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University) (HTML)
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