Аннотация:Old co-culture models are summarized before new models are introduced. The old models discussed are the Chinese polyculture system, polyculture in India, aquaculture development in Africa, and tilapia co-culture in the United States in geothermal water. New models for co-culture of tilapia with other species include confined culture whereby tilapia are reared in cages or net pens in ponds where one or more other species of fish and/or invertebrates are stocked into the open pond, and in common (with and without confinement) and connected green water ponds used with marine shrimp. A major positive impact that tilapia can have is on water quality. For example, filter-feeding tilapia can influence algal blooms. Tilapia may also influence changes in pond bacterial populations to more beneficial species. Rationales for co-culturing tilapia with other species include the following: Increased stability/sustainability Conversion of unutilized energy/biomass pools Diversified production Increased production intensity and efficiency New products and technologies Certifications. Limitations include multispecies stocking and harvesting, and exotic species issues where tilapia have not yet been established.
