BREEDING AND GENETICS SYMPOSIUM: Resilience of livestock to changing environments1статья из журнала
Аннотация: The Breeding and Genetics Symposium titled “Resilience of Livestock to Changing Environments” was held at the Joint Annual Meeting, July 19–24, 2016, in Salt Lake City, UT. The objective of the symposium was to provide a broad overview of recent research on the effects of changing environmental conditions on livestock. Topics covered by the speakers included a review of the variation in response to heat stress and its effects on metabolic parameters and energy demands in pigs and cattle, production and reproduction in livestock and aquaculture species, the development of genetic improvement programs to produce more robust animals, and the use of gene introgression to develop heat-resistant animals. Substantial discussion focused on the tradeoffs involved in producing robust, high-producing livestock. The symposium included 6 invited presentations, each of which is discussed below. Modern livestock have been selected to efficiently convert feed into food and fiber for human use, but the most productive breeds generally require intensive management to maintain high levels of production. Most major livestock breeds in the U.S. are derived from animals that evolved in temperate climates, such as Holstein dairy cattle. Unfortunately, the climate in the southern states is hot enough to cause several months per year of heat stress. Heat stress occurs when the environmental temperature exceeds an animal's thermoneutral point, and its effects include decreased dry matter intake, reduced water consumption, depressed production, and impaired fertility (e.g., West, 2003). These effects will become more common in areas that have not previously experienced heat stress as global temperatures continue to rise (IPCC, 2014). Technological interventions, including fans, sprinklers, and shade structures, can be used to ameliorate many of the effects of heat stress, but they provide only temporary relief. Genetic selection for greater thermotolerance is possible and will result in cumulative, permanent gains (Aguilar et al., 2009; Dikmen et al., 2012, 2015).
Год издания: 2017
Авторы: John B. Cole, J.M. Bormann, C. A. Gill, Hasan Khatib, James E. Koltes, Christian Maltecca, F. Miglior
Издательство: Oxford University Press
Источник: Journal of Animal Science
Ключевые слова: Effects of Environmental Stressors on Livestock, Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact, Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
Другие ссылки: Journal of Animal Science (PDF)
Journal of Animal Science (HTML)
PubMed (HTML)
Journal of Animal Science (HTML)
PubMed (HTML)
Открытый доступ: bronze
Том: 95
Выпуск: 4
Страницы: 1777–1779