Аннотация:Biochars are a class of charcoals made from sustainably sourced natural materials that are similar to activated carbons (ACs). They retain complex pore networks from their feedstock material and contain exceptional surface area that is created during production. The surfaces themselves are chemically complex and are responsible for the capacity of biochars to capture metal ions, pesticides, herbicides, and toxic organic molecules. Toxic organic molecules that have been successfully adsorbed by biochars include 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); pesticides and herbicides (atrazine, acetochlor, fipronil, pyrimethanil, etc.); sulfamethozole (antibiotic); and some explosives. Laboratory and field tests show that biochars can be integrated into filtration media used in stormwater best management practices (BMPs) for new construction and into retrofit applications that can improve current systems such as planted filter boxes, media filters, bioretention systems, green roofs, denitrification bioreactors, and sand filters. Because biochars are by-products of renewable energy systems and have the capacity to filter a wide array of emerging contaminants, they are exciting materials for environmental engineers and stormwater managers to improve water quality. Further research is necessary to verify the impact of biochars and biochar blends on stormwater filtration.
