Аннотация:The outermost region of the Earth's atmosphere, at heights of 100 kilometres or more, has long been know to suffer violent disturbances, such as auroral displays and geomagnetic storms, as a result of solar activity. The lower atmosphere (below about 15 km), however, is affected only in subtle and little-understood ways by the Sun. Indeed the study of Sun-weather and Sun-climate relationships is a controversial area.