New Insights into the Systematics and Biology of Brazilian Leguminosae (Fabaceae)статья из журнала
Аннотация: Next article FreeSymposium IntroductionNew Insights into the Systematics and Biology of Brazilian Leguminosae (Fabaceae)Gwilym P. LewisGwilym P. Lewis*Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW93AB, United Kingdom Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailQR Code SectionsMoreThe Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos do Brasil (Catalogue of the Plants and Fungi of Brazil) recorded 2694 species in 210 genera of the economically, ecologically, and phylogenetically important plant family Leguminosae (alternative name Fabaceae; de Lima et al. 2010). Of those, 1458 species (54%) were listed as endemic to Brazil. Unsurprisingly, such a rich legume flora has attracted much attention from botanists for more than 150 years. George Bentham (1859, 1870) contributed accounts of the legumes known in Brazil in the second half of the nineteenth century to Martius’s Flora Brasiliensis, and much of the early floristic and systematic study of Brazilian plants was carried out by botanists from Europe and North America. But that is no longer the case. At the Sixth International Legume Conference held in Johannesburg, South Africa, in January 2013, there were 146 participants from 26 countries, and 25 of the attendees (17%) were Brazilian. Leguminosae research in Brazil is in good hands, as evidenced by an increasing flow of high-quality papers led by Brazilian first authors, publishing in international journals.A number of recent initiatives have facilitated wide and fruitful collaborations between Brazilian legume researchers and those in other countries. In the past few years, increased Brazilian state and federal funding programs have assisted Brazilian scientists wishing to spend study periods abroad, including as doctoral students and postdocs. Knowledge exchange, capacity building, and lifelong collaborations have been the result, with an associated increase in multiauthored, international, higher-impact papers. In Phoenix, Arizona, in 2010, a small group of the international legume research community who wished to further integrate legume scientists around the world set up the Legume Phylogeny Working Group (LPWG), which has since published two key papers under the LPWG umbrella (LPWG 2013a, 2013b). A major aim of the LPWG is to deliver a new, phylogenetically underpinned classification of Leguminosae, with an anticipated increase in the number of subfamilies recognized, because it has long been known that subfamily Caesalpinioideae is not monophyletic. Out of the LPWG was spawned the Legume Morphology Working Group (LMWG), a closely affiliated body set up to compile and share data on legume morphology and functional traits, one important use of which will be to add diagnosability to the main clades in the legume molecular phylogeny. The inaugural meeting of the LMWG took place during the XI Congresso Latinoamericano de Botánica held in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, in October 2014. The second meeting of the LMWG was held in Botucatu, São Paulo state, Brazil, in November 2015, further displaying Brazil’s important role in modern legume systematics and biology. The second meeting was co-organized by Dra. Ana Paula Fortuna Perez of the Universidade Estadual Paulista in Botucatu (BOTU). She has published a number of papers on various Papilionoid legume genera.The 2014 Botanical Congress in Salvador included a two-day international symposium, titled “20 Years of Molecular Systematics in Legumes: Reconciling DNA and Morphology into a New Classification System.” The symposium was organized by Brazilian legume specialists Professors Luciano Paganucci de Queiroz of the Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS) and Domingos Cardoso of the Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA). Over 50% of the speakers were Brazilian, and a wide range of subjects were covered, including molecular phylogenetics, anatomy, phytochemistry, floral ontogeny, fossils, and animal-plant interactions.The series of articles that follows includes four that were presented at the legume symposium in Salvador, plus an additional two that fit neatly into the set. Together they cover the three legume subfamilies, as traditionally circumscribed, and they exemplify the broad range of research that is being undertaken in Brazil today. The first, by Juliana Rando et al. (2016), combines molecular and morphological data to show that series Coriaceae of the genus Chamaecrista, a clade mainly restricted to highland areas of central Brazilian cerrado and campos rupestres vegetation, needs an emended circumscription to reflect the monophyly of the group. Evidence presented here strongly suggests that series Coriaceae is a recent radiation, a pattern observed in other plant groups endemic to highland areas of South America. The next article, by Thais Cury de Barros and Simone Pádua Teixeira (2016), revisits the anatomy of anther glands in mimosoid legumes, a subject not studied in any detail since the survey by Luckow and Grimes (1997). de Barros and Teixeira found four main anther gland types in mimosoids, and because glands with a similar anatomy occur in closely related taxonomic groups, they conclude that anther glands provide a character of potential phylogenetic significance. Next, João Iganci et al. (2016) present the first molecular phylogeny of the Abarema Alliance in the Mimosoideae and shed new light on the systematics and historical biogeography of the group. Their results reveal that the genus Abarema is not monophyletic. The type species of the genus falls outside the Abarema Alliance, and this has nomenclatural consequences at the genus and suprageneric levels, which the authors plan to address in a future article. An Andean clade of the genus Abarema is phylogenetically and biogeographically distinct from the rest of the genus and from the two related taxa Hydrochorea and Balizia. A molecular phylogeny of another mimosoid genus, Stryphnodendron, and an investigation of its relationship to other closely related genera in the Piptadenia group are presented in the next article by Marcelo Simon et al. (2016). Here the authors highlight the importance of densely sampled phylogenies to rigorously test the monophyly of genera. Again, new taxonomic arrangements will be needed in the future to accommodate the results of their analyses. Key morphological characters are discussed that will assist in diagnosing genera in the Piptadenia group. The fifth article, by Giseli Donizete Pedersoli and Simone Pádua Teixeira (2016), also focuses on mimodoid legumes and analyzes in detail the floral development of two andromonoecious tree species: Parkia multijuga and Stryphnodendron adstringens. The sixth and final article in the group, by Tania Moura et al. (2016), presents a phylogeny of the papilionoid genus Mucuna, well known throughout the tropics for the irritant hairs on the fruits and calyces of many species but also for a wide range of flower colors that make several species of attractive ornamental vines popular among botanic gardens. The genus is monophyletic but is separated into three distinct clades, best dealt with at the rank of subgenus. Based on ancestral area reconstruction and divergence time analyses, Mucuna originated and first diversified in the Paleotropics around 29.2 Ma and achieved a pantropical distribution through multiple long-distance-dispersal events, aided by the ability of many Mucuna seeds to float.The group of six papers, together with the symposium at which four of those were presented, admirably demonstrate the robust health of legume science research in Brazil. As the LPWG and LMWG work toward a new classification of Leguminosae, the continued advance in our knowledge of the systematics and biology of the rich Brazilian legume flora plays a key part in understanding the evolution and biogeography of this diverse plant family.Literature CitedBentham G 1859 Leguminosae. I. Papilionaceae. Pages 1–216 in CFP von Martius, ed. Flora Brasiliensis. Vol 15, no 1. R Oldenbourg, Munich.First citation in articleGoogle Scholar——— 1870 Leguminosae. II. Swartzieae et Caesalpinieae. Pages 1–259 in CFP von Martius, ed. Flora Brasiliensis. Vol 15, no 2. R Oldenbourg, Munich.First citation in articleGoogle Scholarde Barros TC, SP Teixeira 2016 Revisited anatomy of anther glands in Mimosoids (Leguminosae). Int J Plant Sci 177:18–33.First citation in articleLinkGoogle ScholarDe Lima HC et al 2010 Fabaceae. Pages 989–1102 in RC Forzza et al, eds. Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos do Brasil. Vol 2. 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Sebastián Tello Environmental correlates of leguminosae species richness in Mexico: Quantifying the contributions of energy and environmental seasonality, Biotropica 52, no.11 (Dec 2019): 70–80.https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.12735Leonardo M Borges, Brigitte Marazzi, Gwilym P Lewis Shaping knowledge on legume morphology, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 187, no.11 (Apr 2018): 1–4.https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boy010
Год издания: 2015
Авторы: Gwilym P. Lewis
Издательство: University of Chicago Press
Источник: International Journal of Plant Sciences
Ключевые слова: Plant Parasitism and Resistance, Plant and animal studies, Plant Diversity and Evolution
Открытый доступ: closed
Том: 177
Выпуск: 1
Страницы: 1–2