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A Symbiotic View ofLife: We Have NeverBeen Individuals Scott F. GilbertJan SappAlfred I. Tauber2012 год

A Symbiotic View of Life: We Have Never Been Individuals
review

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Аннотация: The notion of the "biological individual" is crucial to studies of genetics, immunology, evolution, development, anatomy, and physiology. Each of these biological subdisciplines has a specific conception of individuality, which has historically provided conceptual contexts for integrating newly acquired data. During the past decade, nucleic acid analysis, especially genomic sequencing and high-throughput RNA techniques, has challenged each of these disciplinary definitions by finding significant interactions of animals and plants with symbiotic microorganisms that disrupt the boundaries that heretofore had characterized the biological individual. Animals cannot be considered individuals by anatomical or physiological criteria because a diversity of symbionts are both present and functional in completing metabolic pathways and serving other physiological functions. Similarly, these new studies have shown that animal development is incomplete without symbionts. Symbionts also constitute a second mode of genetic inheritance, providing selectable genetic variation for natural selection. The immune system also develops, in part, in dialogue with symbionts and thereby functions as a mechanism for integrating microbes into the animal-cell community. Recognizing the "holobiont"--the multicellular eukaryote plus its colonies of persistent symbionts--as a critically important unit of anatomy, development, physiology, immunology, and evolution opens up new investigative avenues and conceptually challenges the ways in which the biological subdisciplines have heretofore characterized living entities.
Год издания: 2012
Авторы: Scott F. Gilbert, Jan Sapp, Alfred I. Tauber
Издательство: University of Chicago Press
Источник: The Quarterly Review of Biology
Ключевые слова: Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis, Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences, Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
Другие ссылки: The Quarterly Review of Biology (HTML)
Swarthmore College Works (Swarthmore College Libraries) (PDF)
Swarthmore College Works (Swarthmore College Libraries) (HTML)
PubMed (HTML)