Locating the Isle of Orleans: Atlantic and American historiographical perspectivesстатья из журнала
Аннотация: Abstract Abstract This essay offers a review of American and Atlantic approaches to the history of New Orleans. It argues that most American historical writing about New Orleans employs a national perspective that views the city as "exceptional." The essay highlights the limits of a USA-centered historiography and suggests that an Atlantic-oriented approach might offer new insights. It considers a variety of works, old Din, G.ilbert. 1993. Francisco Bouligny: A Bourbon Soldier in Spanish Louisiana, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. [Google Scholar] and new, that address themes related to the Atlantic World, noting the richness of research about the colonial city and the paucity of work about its nineteenth- and twentieth-century successor. The essay suggests possible directions for future research in the areas of ethnicity, immigration, and cultural transfer, while also identifying some limitations to the Atlantic approach. Keywords: New OrleansLouisianaAtlanticUS historyexceptionalism Acknowledgements The author is grateful for the assistance of the staffs of the Historic New Orleans Collection's Williams Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana; the University of New Orleans's Louisiana and Special Collections Department at Earl K. Long Library, New Orleans, Louisiana; Tulane University's Special Collections Department at Howard-Tilton Memorial Library, New Orleans, Louisiana; and Louisiana State University's Special Collections division at Hill Memorial Library, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The author should also like to thank the journal's anonymous readers and the members of the audience at the Atlantic Studies Speakers Forum at Louisiana State University for their comments on earlier versions of this paper. Notes 1. See "A Plan of West Florida the Isle of Orleans and Some Parts of the Spanish Dominions to the Westward of the Mississippi" (ca. 1763–1781) in Lemmon Lemmon , Alfred E. , John T. Magill , and Jason R. Wiese , Charting Louisiana: Five Hundred Years of Maps . New Orleans : The Historic New Orleans Collection , 2003 . [Google Scholar], Magill, and Wiese, Charting Louisiana, 84–5. Other variations on the name included "The Island of New Orleans," which appears on "An Accurate Chart of the Coast of West Florida, and the Coast of Louisiana; …" by George Gauld (London, 1803), ibid., 118–9; "Island of Orleans," which appears in "[Louisiana portion, Boundary Survey of the Spanish-U.S. Boundary]" Plate E, by Andrew Ellicott (ca. 1799); and "Isla de Nueva Orleans," which appears on "Carta de la provincia de Lvisiana, de la isla de Nueva Orléans, y de la Florida Occidental …" by Nicolas de Finiels (1804), ibid., 140–1. 2. For an analysis of the French government's decision to grant the entire Louisiana territory (including the city of New Orleans) to Spain, see Map Mapp, Paul. 2006. Atlantic History from Imperial, Continental, and Pacific Perspectives. 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See Zitomersky, "In the Middle and on the Margin," 201–64. 6. See Logsdon Logsdon , Joseph , and Caryn Cossé Bell . "The Americanization of Black New Orleans, 1850–1900." In Creole New Orleans: Race and Americanization , ed. Arnold R. Hirsch and Joseph Logsdon . Baton Rouge : Louisiana State University Press , 1992 . [Google Scholar] and Bell, "The Americanization of Black New Orleans, 1850–1900," 201–61, and Hirsch Hirsch, Arnold R. and Joseph, Logsdon. 1992. Creole New Orleans: Race and Americanization, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. [Google Scholar], "Simply a Matter of Black and White White, Sophie. 2006. 'A baser commerce': Retailing, Class, and Gender in French Colonial New Orleans. William and Mary Quarterly, 63: 517–50. [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]," 262–320. 7. Bender Bender, Thomas. 2006. A Nation among Nations: America's Place in World History, New York: Hill and Wang. [Google Scholar], A Nation Among Nations, 3–4. 8. Bender Bender, Thomas. 2006. 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Dolores Egger Labbe; vol. 4, Antebellum Louisiana, 1830–1860, Part A: Life and Labor, ed. Carolyn E. DeLatte; vol. 10, A Refuge for All Ages: Immigration in Louisiana History, ed. Carl A. Brasseaux; vol. 11, The African American Experience in Louisiana, Part A: From Africa to the Civil War, ed. Charles Vincent; vol. 14, New Orleans and Urban Louisiana, Part A: Settlement to 1860. Lafayette : Center for Louisiana Studies , 1995–2006 . [Google Scholar] National Guard). All that being said, it should be noted that many leading city and state officials were ineffective during and after the storm, as well, and are in poor repute among New Orleanians, too. 10. DeBerry, "Not quite American," B7. 11. See, for example, Gayarré Gayarré, Charles. 1903. History of Louisiana. 4th ed, New Orleans: F. F. Hansell & Bro. [Google Scholar], History of Louisiana; King, New Orleans: The Place and the People; Cable Cable, George Washington. 1884. The Creoles of Louisiana, New York: C. Scribner's sons. 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A People and a Nation: A History of the United States, 2nd ed., Boston: Houghton Mifflin. [Google Scholar] et al., A People and a Nation, a popular college textbook during the 1980s, offers only one reference to colonial Louisiana in a discussion of the effects of the Seven Years' War (105). 14. Jones Jones, Jacqueline. 2006. Created Equal: A Social and Political History of the United States, 2nd ed., New York: Longman. [Google Scholar] et al.'s Created Equal offers the best "continental" approach to American history of any of the leading US history textbooks. 15. Recent accounts of the Louisiana Purchase that highlight its connection to the Haitian Revolution include Duboi Dubois, Laurent. 2004. A Colony of Citizens: Revolution and Slave Emancipation in the French Caribbean, 1787–1804, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. [Google Scholar]s, "The Haitian Revolution and the Sale of Louisiana," 18–41; Kukla Kukla, Jon. 2003. 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New Orleans only becomes central to his account in the final three volumes. Louisiana State University Press has issued volumes one, two, and five in translation as Giraud, A History of French Louisiana, but no additional volumes have appeared in translation since the author's death in 1994. 29. Korn, The Early Jews of New Orleans. 30. Clark, New Orleans, 1718–1812. 31. As Buchanan Buchanan, Thomas C. 2004. Black Life on the Mississippi: Slaves, Free Blacks, and the Western Steamboat World, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. [Google Scholar] notes in his Black Life on the Mississippi, "While historians have not thought to include the Mississippi in Atlantic history, mariners at the time would have readily testified to the economic and cultural connections between inland and maritime life" (26). Buchanan has a good point, although it is untrue that historians have not considered the Mississippi Valley as part of Atlantic history. See, for example, Vidal, "Antoine Bienvenu, Illinois Planter and Mississippi Trader," 111–33, which articulates the trade linkages between the French Illinois country and New Orleans during the colonial era. See also the discussion of the work of Vidal, Havar Havard , Gilles . Empire et Métissages: Indiens et Français dans le Pays d'en Haut, 1660–1715 . Quebec : Septentrion and Presses de l'Université de Paris-Sorbonne , 2003 .[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]d, Zitomersky, and Ekberg Ekberg, Carl J. 1985. Colonial Ste. Genevieve: An Adventure on the Mississippi Frontier, Berkeley: University of California Press. [Google Scholar] below. 32. Foner, "The Free People of Color in Louisiana and St. Domingue," 406–30. 33. Fiehrer Fiehrer, Thomas Mark. 1989. Saint-Domingue/Haiti: Louisiana's Caribbean Connection. Louisiana History, 30: 419–37. [Google Scholar], "The African Presence in Colonial Louisiana," 3–31. 34. Fiehre Fiehrer, T.homas M.arc. 1979. 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Its list of authors also suggests the potential for transnational Atlantic scholarship: only four of the thirteen contributors were affiliated with American universities at the time of publication. Three were based at Canadian universities, three at French universities, one at a Moroccan university, and one at a Senegalese university. American historian Gwendolyn Midlo Hall, the thirteenth, noted only that she lives in Mexico and Mississippi. 43. Spea Spear, Jennifer M. 2003. Colonial Intimacies: Legislating Sex in French Louisiana. William and Mary Quarterly, 60: 75–98. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]r, "Colonial Intimacies," 75–98. 44. Clark, Masterless Mistresses. 45. White, "Wearing three or four handkerchiefs around his collar," 530; White, "A baser commerce," 517–50. 46. Aubert, "The Blood of France," 439–78. 47. DuVal DuVal, Kathleen. 2008. Indian Intermarriage and Metissage in Colonial Louisiana. William and Mary Quarterly, 65: 267–304. 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The volumes that seem most likely to be useful for future Atlantic histories of New Orleans include vol. 1 (Conrad, The French Experience in Louisiana), vol. 2 (Din Din , Gilbert with John E. Harkins . The New Orleans Cabildo: Colonial Louisiana's First City Government, 1769–1803 . Baton Rouge : Louisiana State University Press , 1996 . [Google Scholar], The Spanish Presence in Louisiana), vol. 3 (Labbé, The Louisiana Purchase and its Aftermath), vol. 4 (DeLatte, Antebellum Louisiana, 1830–1860, Part A: Life and Labor), vol. 10 (Brasseaux, A Refuge for All Ages: Immigration in Louisiana History), vol. 11 (Vincent, The African American Experience in Louisiana, Part A: From Africa to the Civil War), and vol. 14 (Shepherd, New Orleans and Urban Louisiana, Part A: Settlement to 1860). 50. Cummins Cummins, Light Townsend and Glen, Jeansonne. 1982. A Guide to the History of Louisiana, Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. [Google Scholar] and Jeansonne, A Guide to the History of Louisiana. 51. 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Год издания: 2008
Авторы: Mark Thompson
Издательство: Taylor & Francis
Источник: Atlantic Studies
Ключевые слова: Colonialism, slavery, and trade, American History and Culture, Historical Economic and Social Studies
Открытый доступ: closed
Том: 5
Выпуск: 3
Страницы: 305–333