Аннотация:Background: Infectious diseases may rival cancer, heart disease, and chronic lung disease as sources of morbidity and mortality from smoking.We reviewed mechanisms by which smoking increases the risk of infection and the epidemiology of smoking-related infection, and delineated implications of this increased risk of infection among cigarette smokers. Methods:The MEDLINE database was searched for articles on the mechanisms and epidemiology of smokingrelated infectious diseases.English-language articles and selected cross-references were included.Results: Mechanisms by which smoking increases the risk of infections include structural changes in the respiratory tract and a decrease in immune response.Cigarette smoking is a substantial risk factor for important bacterial and viral infections.For example, smokers incur a 2-to 4-fold increased risk of invasive pneumococcal disease.Influenza risk is severalfold higher and is much
