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Bear bile: dilemma oftraditional medicinaluse and animalprotection Yibin FengKa-Yu SiuNing Wang2009 год

Bear bile: dilemma of traditional medicinal use and animal protection
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Аннотация: Bear bile has been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for thousands of years. Modern investigations showed that it has a wide range of pharmacological actions with little toxicological side effect and the pure compounds have been used for curing hepatic and biliary disorders for decades. However, extensive consumption of bear bile made bears endangered species. In the 1980's, bear farming was established in China to extract bear bile from living bears with "Free-dripping Fistula Technique". Bear farming is extremely inhumane and many bears died of illness such as chronic infections and liver cancer. Efforts are now given by non-governmental organizations, mass media and Chinese government to end bear farming ultimately. At the same time, systematic research has to be done to find an alternative for bear bile. In this review, we focused on the literature, laboratory and clinical results related to bear bile and its substitutes or alternative in English and Chinese databases. We examined the substitutes or alternative of bear bile from three aspects: pure compounds derived from bear bile, biles from other animals and herbs from TCM. We then discussed the strategy for stopping the trading of bear bile and issues of bear bile related to potential alternative candidates, existing problems in alternative research and work to be done in the future.
Год издания: 2009
Авторы: Yibin Feng, Ka-Yu Siu, Ning Wang, Kwan‐Ming Ng, Sai‐Wah Tsao, Tadashi Nagamatsu, Yao Tong
Издательство: BioMed Central
Источник: Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine
Ключевые слова: Pharmacological Effects of Natural Compounds, Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms, Plant Toxicity and Pharmacological Properties
Другие ссылки: Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine (PDF)
Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine (HTML)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (HTML)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (PDF)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (HTML)
The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) (PDF)
The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) (HTML)
PubMed Central (HTML)
PubMed (HTML)