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Sex differences inimpulsivity: Ameta-analysis. Catharine CrossLee T. CoppingAnne Campbell2011 год

Sex differences in impulsivity: A meta-analysis.
review

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Аннотация: Men are over-represented in socially problematic behaviors, such as aggression and criminal behavior, which have been linked to impulsivity.We organize our review of impulsivity around the tripartite theoretical distinction between reward hypersensitivity, punishment hyposensitivity, and inadequate effortful control.Drawing on evolutionary, criminological, developmental, and personality theories, we predicted that sex differences would be most pronounced in risky activities with men demonstrating greater sensation seeking, greater reward sensitivity and lower punishment sensitivity.We predicted a small female advantage in effortful control.We analyzed 741 effect sizes from 277 studies, including psychometric and behavioral measures.Women were consistently more punishment sensitive (d = -.33), but men did not show greater reward sensitivity (d = .01).Men showed significantly higher sensation seeking on questionnaire measures (d = .41)and on a behavioral risk taking task (d = .36).Questionnaire measures of deficits in effortful control showed a very modest effect size in the male direction (d = .08).Sex differences were not found on delay discounting or executive function tasks.The results indicate a stronger sex difference in motivational rather than effortful or executive forms of behavior control.Specifically, they support evolutionary and biological theories of risk taking predicated on sex differences in punishment sensitivity.A clearer understanding of sex differences in impulsivity depends upon recognizing important distinctions between sensation seeking and impulsivity, between executive and effortful forms of control, and between impulsivity as a deficit and as a trait.
Год издания: 2011
Авторы: Catharine Cross, Lee T. Copping, Anne Campbell
Издательство: American Psychological Association
Источник: Psychological Bulletin
Ключевые слова: Behavioral Health and Interventions, Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior, Personality Traits and Psychology
Другие ссылки: Psychological Bulletin (HTML)
Durham Research Online (Durham University) (PDF)
Durham Research Online (Durham University) (HTML)
Durham Research Online (Durham University) (PDF)
Durham Research Online (Durham University) (HTML)
durham-repository.worktribe.com (HTML)
St Andrews Research Repository (St Andrews Research Repository) (PDF)
St Andrews Research Repository (St Andrews Research Repository) (HTML)
PubMed (HTML)