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Respiratory Effectsof Exposure to DieselTraffic in Personswith Asthma James McCreanorPaul CullinanMark Nieuwenhuijsen2007 год

Respiratory Effects of Exposure to Diesel Traffic in Persons with Asthma
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Аннотация: Air pollution from road traffic is a serious health hazard, and people with preexisting respiratory disease may be at increased risk. We investigated the effects of short-term exposure to diesel traffic in people with asthma in an urban, roadside environment.We recruited 60 adults with either mild or moderate asthma to participate in a randomized, crossover study. Each participant walked for 2 hours along a London street (Oxford Street) and, on a separate occasion, through a nearby park (Hyde Park). We performed detailed real-time exposure, physiological, and immunologic measurements.Participants had significantly higher exposures to fine particles (<2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter), ultrafine particles, elemental carbon, and nitrogen dioxide on Oxford Street than in Hyde Park. Walking for 2 hours on Oxford Street induced asymptomatic but consistent reductions in the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) (up to 6.1%) and forced vital capacity (FVC) (up to 5.4%) that were significantly larger than the reductions in FEV1 and FVC after exposure in Hyde Park (P=0.04 and P=0.01, respectively, for the overall effect of exposure, and P<0.005 at some time points). The effects were greater in subjects with moderate asthma than in those with mild asthma. These changes were accompanied by increases in biomarkers of neutrophilic inflammation (sputum myeloperoxidase, 4.24 ng per milliliter after exposure in Hyde Park vs. 24.5 ng per milliliter after exposure on Oxford Street; P=0.05) and airway acidification (maximum decrease in pH, 0.04% after exposure in Hyde Park and 1.9% after exposure on Oxford Street; P=0.003). The changes were associated most consistently with exposures to ultrafine particles and elemental carbon.Our observations serve as a demonstration and explanation of the epidemiologic evidence that associates the degree of traffic exposure with lung function in asthma.
Год издания: 2007
Авторы: James McCreanor, Paul Cullinan, Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, James Stewart‐Evans, Eleni Malliarou, Lars Järup, Robert Harrington, Magnus Svartengren, Inkyu Han, Pamela Ohman‐Strickland, Kian Fan Chung, Junfeng Zhang
Издательство: Massachusetts Medical Society
Источник: New England Journal of Medicine
Ключевые слова: Air Quality and Health Impacts, Noise Effects and Management, Vehicle emissions and performance
Другие ссылки: New England Journal of Medicine (PDF)
New England Journal of Medicine (HTML)
CiteSeer X (The Pennsylvania State University) (PDF)
CiteSeer X (The Pennsylvania State University) (HTML)
PubMed (HTML)