Аннотация:Abstract— Cell nuclei were isolated in yields ranging from 38 to 61 per cent from six anatomically defined brain regions of the albino rat. To provide basic information for further studies of altered genomic activity in brain cell nuclei, various properties of these isolated nuclei were measured, including counts of their number, estimates of the distribution of sizes, amounts of RNA, DNA and protein, and endogenous RNA polymerase activity. DNA content per nucleus approximated the accepted value of 6 pg per diploid set of chromosomes. Distributions of nuclear size showed a sensitivity to the concentration of divalent cation, with a shift toward larger nuclear diameters as the Mg concentration was reduced. Cell nuclei from hippocampus, hypothalamus‐preoptic region, cerebral cortex, amygdala and midbrain plus brainstem were generally similar in yield, distribution of size, and RNA, DNA and protein content. Cell nuclei from cerebellum differed from those of other brain regions, in all of these parameters. The cerebellum contained a high content of DNA and had an enormous number (8 × 10 8 per g wet wt.) of cell nuclei of predominantly very small size and characterized by lower ratios of RNA, histones and non‐histone protein to DNA and lower endogenous activity of RNA polymerase than nuclei from other brain structures. These properties correlated well with properties of cerebellar tissue, namely, high content of small granule neurons and low ratio of RNA to DNA, and suggest that the small cerebellar nuclei may have relatively inactive genomes. The relationship of ‘large’ and ‘small’ cell nuclei to cell types in the brain is discussed.
