Аннотация:Tobacco smoking has been associated with the development, protraction, and exacerbation of chronically painful conditions.Conversely, there is reason to believe that smokers may be motivated to use tobacco as a means of coping with their pain.To date, no controlled, experimental studies have tested for a causal relationship between pain and smoking motivation.The primary aim of the current study was to test the hypothesis that laboratory-induced cold-pressor pain would enhance smoking motivation, as measured by self-reported urge to smoke and observation of immediate smoking behavior.The effect of a smoking cue was also tested.Smokers (N = 132) were randomly assigned to one of four conditions in this 2 (Pain Manipulation) X 2 (Smoking Cue Manipulation) crossed factorial between-subjects design.Results indicated that both pain induction and the presence of smoking cues increased urge ratings, and pain induction also produced a shorter latency to smoke.The relationship between pain and increased urge to smoke was partially mediated by pain-induced negative affect.This study provides the first experimental evidence that situational pain can be a potent motivator of smoking.
