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Convergent losses ofdecay mechanisms andrapid turnover ofsymbiosis genes inmycorrhizalmutualists Annegret KohlerAlan KuoLászló G. Nagy2015 год

Convergent losses of decay mechanisms and rapid turnover of symbiosis genes in mycorrhizal mutualists
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Аннотация: Francis Martin and colleagues report genome sequences for 18 species of mycorrhizal fungi and a phylogenomic analysis including 32 other fungal genomes. The study identifies cell wall-degradation genes lost in all true ectomycorrhizal species and, using gene expression data, finds candidate genes for the establishment of symbiosis. To elucidate the genetic bases of mycorrhizal lifestyle evolution, we sequenced new fungal genomes, including 13 ectomycorrhizal (ECM), orchid (ORM) and ericoid (ERM) species, and five saprotrophs, which we analyzed along with other fungal genomes. Ectomycorrhizal fungi have a reduced complement of genes encoding plant cell wall–degrading enzymes (PCWDEs), as compared to their ancestral wood decayers. Nevertheless, they have retained a unique array of PCWDEs, thus suggesting that they possess diverse abilities to decompose lignocellulose. Similar functional categories of nonorthologous genes are induced in symbiosis. Of induced genes, 7–38% are orphan genes, including genes that encode secreted effector-like proteins. Convergent evolution of the mycorrhizal habit in fungi occurred via the repeated evolution of a 'symbiosis toolkit', with reduced numbers of PCWDEs and lineage-specific suites of mycorrhiza-induced genes.
Год издания: 2015
Авторы: Annegret Kohler, Alan Kuo, László G. Nagy, Emmanuelle Morin, Kerrie Barry, François Buscot, Björn Canbäck, Cindy Choi, Nicolas Cichocki, Alicia Clum, Jan V. Colpaert, Alex Copeland, Maurício Dutra Costa, Jeanne Doré, Dimitrios Floudas, Mariangela Girlanda, Bernard Henrissat, Sylvie Herrmann, Jaqueline Hess, Nils Högberg, Tomas Johansson, Hassine‐Radhouane Khouja, Kurt LaButti, Urs Lahrmann, Anthony Levasseur, Erika Lindquist, Anna Lipzen, Roland Marmeisse, Elena Martino, Claude Murat, Chew Yee Ngan, Uwe Nehls, Jonathan M. Plett, Anne Pringle, Robin A. Ohm, Silvia Perotto, Martina Peter, Robert Riley, François Rineau, Joske Ruytinx, Asaf Salamov, Firoz Shah, Hui Sun, Mika Tarkka, Andrew Tritt, Claire Veneault‐Fourrey, Alga Zuccaro, Anders Tunlid, Igor V. Grigoriev, David S Hibbett, Francis Martin
Издательство: Nature Portfolio
Источник: Nature Genetics
Ключевые слова: Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions, Plant and animal studies, Plant and Fungal Species Descriptions
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