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A Review of AflatoxinM1, Milk, and MilkProducts Hamid Mohammadi2011 год

A Review of Aflatoxin M1, Milk, and Milk Products
review

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Аннотация: Formation, toxicity, and regulation of aflatoxin M 1Aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) is metabolized by the hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidase system, but it also can undergo several metabolic conversations depending upon species (Marsi et al., 1974).The amounts of aflatoxin M 1 (AFM 1 ) excreted in milk as a percentage of AFB 1 averages 1-2%, varying from animal to animal, from day to day and from one milking to the other.The AFM 1 could be detected in milk 12-24 h after the first AFB 1 ingestion, reaching a high level after a few days.When the intake of AFB 1 is finished, the AFM 1 www.intechopen.comAflatoxins -Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 398 concentration in the milk decreases to an undetectable level after 72 h (van Egmond 1989).Battocone et al. (2003) observed that there was a linear relationship between AFB 1 dose and excretion of AFM 1 into ewes' milk.International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC, 1993) classified AFB 1 and AFM 1 as class 1 and 2B (or probable) human carcinogens, respectively.Lafont et al. ( 1989) observed a high genotoxic activity of AFM 1 , although it was lower than that of AFB 1 .The aflatoxins show both acute and chronic toxicity, and one of the outstanding features in the toxicology of the aflatoxins is the wide variation in response amongst different species of animals and even between the male and female of the same species.It can be seen that for some animals, such as the rat, aflatoxins are very carcinogenic, and yet in other species, it is difficult to demonstrate carcinogenicity.This considerable variation in biological response arises from the requirement that the mold metabolite itself has to be metabolized in order that a toxic response occurs, and the metabolites responsible for acute toxicity differ from those reponsible for carcinogenicity.There are several metabolic reactions (Fig. 1), such as the demethylation to aflatoxin P 1 and hydration to aflatoxin B 2a , which may lead to a decrease in toxicity.Fig. 1.Some metabolic products from AFB 1 www.intechopen.
Год издания: 2011
Авторы: Hamid Mohammadi
Источник: InTech eBooks
Ключевые слова: Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food, Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology, Agriculture, Plant Science, Crop Management
Другие ссылки: InTech eBooks (PDF)
InTech eBooks (HTML)
BiblioBoard Library Catalog (Open Research Library) (HTML)