Аннотация:Type 1 diabetes can occur at any age but the incidence peaks around puberty. The incidence in children varies drastically between populations. Type 1 diabetes has a strong genetic component and familial clustering. However, only a minority of carriers of the susceptibility genes develop type 1 diabetes. During the 1970s–2010s, the incidence of type 1 diabetes increased in essentially all populations studied. In most countries, the rates have doubled in approximately two decades, but the rate of change tends to vary by country and over time within a country. Recently, the incidence seems to have plateaued in many countries, including the high-incidence countries Finland, Sweden, and Norway. The changing incidence must be due to non-genetic factors, but because no causal environmental risk factor for type 1 diabetes has yet been identified, the causes of the changing incidence remain obscure. Although mortality in individuals with diabetes has drastically decreased, both acute and late complications lead to increased morbidity and premature mortality in type 1 diabetes. Primary prevention of type 1 diabetes would be the only solution to these problems, but unfortunately no practical preventive measures are currently available.
