Аннотация:Programming In developing an implementation one makes use of a programming language a forrnal language so programming is writing in a formal language. But perhaps this is not what people mean when they use the term formal methocls. At the level of programming people view formal methods in terms of assertions, invariants, variants, and the like. What these provide is an alternative view of the program that can aid one to understand the role of and relationships between a program’s variables. For some programs, where the task at hand is best viewed as a sequence of activities, the program code is easier to follow than assertions about its state, but for other programs it is understanding the relationships between the variables that enables one to understand how the program works.
