Библиографическое описание:Ермак в русской словесности до Карамзина: первые опыты нарративизации истории покорения Сибири : научное издание / Е. Е. Анисимова. - Текст : непосредственный // Вестник Томского государственного университета. Филология. - 2024. - №88. - С. 128-147. - Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 23-28-00275, https://rscf.ru/project/23-28-00275/. - ISSN 1998-6645. - ISSN 2310-5046, DOI 10.17223/19986645/88/7.
Аннотация:Исследуется процесс литературной нарративизации и беллетризации исторических источников о Ермаке - главное условие превращения исторической фактографии в художественную словесность, благодаря которой практики работы с национальной памятью начинают распространяться на широкого читателя. В центре внимания находятся проблема фабулы и сюжета в историографическом и литературном текстах, способы сюжетного и портретного «оживления» (Н.М. Карамзин) образа исторического деятеля, взаимодействие между летописным и научным текстом, с одной стороны, и литературным произведением - с другой. Автор заявляет об отсутствии конфликта интересов.
The problem of narrating the history of Yermak's Siberian campaign by means of belle-lettres of the mid-18th - early 19th centuries is in the focus of the present work. The approach is based on the Russian formalists' fabula/syuzhet dichotomy which is applied to the strategy of reproducing historical facts in works written by scientists and writers prior to the publication of the 9th volume of N.M. Karamzin's History of the Russian State. The methodological basis also includes Hayden White's view on literary nature of historiography; works by E.M. Forster, V. Schmid, A. Hansen-Love, and Yu.V. Shatin on narratology; D.S. Likhachev, E.I. Dergacheva-Skop, A.S. Yanushkevich, A.I. Andreev, and V.G. Mirzoev on source studies and medieval Siberian chronicles; works by Yu.M. Lotman and O.B. Lebedeva on the 18th-century Russian literature. In the course of the research, some historical sources, which formed a background for various pieces about Yermak written in the 1790s-1800s, were analyzed. The latter include I.I. Dmitriev's poem “Yermak”, Yermak, the Conqueror of Siberia by P.A. Plavilshchikov, the historical novel Yermak, the Conqueror of Siberia by I.K. Buinitsky, and the anonymous novel The Life andMilitary Deeds of Yermak, the Conqueror of Siberia, Selected From Russian and Foreign Writers”. The comparison of 17th-century chronicles, 18th-century historical works, on the one hand, and works by Russian writers, on the other hand, showed that the book Siberian History . by J.E. Fisher served for the writers of this period as the main informational source about Yermak's campaign in Siberia. Unlike G.F. Muller, who strove for historiographical accuracy, rechecking the dates of events, comparing the texts involved and detailed footnotes, Fischer proposed in his compilation a holistic narrative, which was not overloaded with scientific analysis and in this sense was more plot-fictionalized. This author's attention was focused on Meghmet-Kul, Khan Kuchum's relative, initially as Yermak's main opponent, then as a noble prisoner conquered by the latter, and, finally, the Prince of Siberia, who made a successful career at the Russian court. In works of fiction, this historical narrative was transformed into a plot of turning a “foe” into a “driend”, embodied in concrete works in several variants (duel, a love story of conquering a native woman). Finally, the author of the article draws a conclusion about the importance of the “narrated” history of Yermak and the fictionalization of old primary sources in practices of inventing and representing the national memory, which required a lively image of the arbiter of historical events. In this context, efforts to imagine Yermak's appearance visibly, present his image in a pictorial and verbal portrait, acquire a specific significance. The author declares no conflicts of interests.
