Библиографическое описание:Политика чрезвычайных мер советской власти в сибирской деревне в период НЭПа : научное издание / Д. Н. Гергилёв, В. П. Леопа, А. В. Леопа. - Текст : непосредственный // Вестник Томского государственного университета. История. - 2023. - № 85. - С. 20-28. - ISSN 1998-8613. - ISSN 2311-2387, DOI 10.17223/19988613/85/3.
Аннотация:Исследуется политика советской власти в сибирской деревне в период новой экономической политики, основанная на применении репрессий и чрезвычайных мер при проведении налоговых и хлебозаготовительных кампаний. Особое внимание уделяется недостаточно исследованной в отечественной и зарубежной историографии проблеме - анализу причин применения методов политики «военного коммунизма» в условиях НЭПа. Рассматриваются мероприятия центральных и сибирских партийных органов и органов советской власти Сибири по реализации политики чрезвычайных мер в сибирской деревне. Делается вывод о том, что чрезвычайные меры применялись на протяжении всего периода новой экономической политики. Выдвинута дискуссионная проблема кулака как якобы организатора и участника классовой борьбы в сибирской деревне. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.
The aim of our study is to analyze the reasons for the use of emergency measures by the Soviet authorities in the Siberian countryside during the years of the NEP, to reveal the main measures taken by the central and Siberian party organs and Soviet authorities to implement the emergency measures policy in the Siberian villages. The article was written on the basis of studying the resolutions of the 10th and 11th Congresses of the RCP (B), Joint Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU (B) (April 6 - 11, 1928), I. Stalin’s letters and speeches, materials of the Sib Bureau of the Central Committee of the RCP (B May 1924) - Regional Committee of the RCP (b) of Siberia (since May 1924), Siberian revolutionary committee (1921 - December 1, 1925) - Siberian regional Executive Committee (since December 1, 1925), provincial (district) committees of the RCP (b) - CPSU (B) - Altai, Yenisei, Irkutsk, Novonikolayevsk, Omsk, Tomsk (plenum, conferences, meetings, meetings with party and economic assets, reports, directives and orders, etc.) stored in the State Archive of the Novosibirsk Region, published in the newspapers of the Siberian provincial (district) party committees and executive committees for 1921-1929. In the article, the authors reveal the objective and subjective reasons for the transition of the Soviet government to the policy of emergency measures in the village as a whole, and in the Siberian village, in particular, in the years of NEP. The authors of the article based on specific facts show that the implementation of the new economic policy in the Siberian countryside, as well as in the country as a whole, was accompanied by the dominance of the stereotypes of “war communism”, the forced collection of the tax in kind, the use of repressive measures against the peasants during the 1920s. As a result of our research, firstly, it was proved that the policy of emergency measures of the Soviet power in the Siberian countryside was carried out throughout the 1920s, and not only during the grain procurement campaigns of 1927/1928 and 1928/1929. Secondly, the main objective and subjective reasons for the use of emergency measures in relation to the peasantry in the 1920s are disclosed. Thirdly, the course of the implementation of the policy of emergency measures in the Siberian countryside is shown on specific historical facts. Fourthly, a debatable problem about the prosperous peasantry (the kulaks) as the alleged organizer and participant of the class struggle in the Siberian countryside was put forward. Fifthly, the policy of emergency measures of Soviet power in the Siberian countryside, as well as in the country as a whole, was the prologue to the curtailment of the new economic policy, became the “dummy run” of the complete collectivization of agriculture based on the elimination of the kulaks as a class. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.
