Библиографическое описание:Коневодство на Нижней Ангаре : научное издание / П. О. Сенотрусов, А. М. Клементьев, П. В. Мандрыка. - Текст : непосредственный // Известия Иркутского государственного университета. Серия: Геоархеология. Этнология. Антропология. - 2019. - Т. 28, № . - С. 78-87. - ISSN 2227-2380, DOI 10.26516/2227-2380.2019.28.78. Перевод заглавия: Horse Breeding in Lower Angara Region
Аннотация:Представлены материалы, доказывающие наличие у средневекового населения Нижнего Приангарья коневодства. Приведена сводка находок предметов конского снаряжения раннего и развитого средневековья. Отмечено присутствие изображений лошадей и всадников на нижнеангарских петроглифах с конца I тыс. до н. э. При раскопках поселения Проспихинская Шивера I и комплекса Проспихинская Шивера IV получена коллекция обломков костей домашней лошади. Археозоологическими определениями установлено, что представлены исключительно кости головы (зубы, челюсти) и дистальные элементы конечностей. Размеры зубов и посткраниальных элементов скелета указывают на их принадлежность некрупным особям. Сделан вывод, что в последней трети I тыс. н. э. лошадь активно использовалась населением Нижнего Приангарья для верховой езды и как транспортное животное, а коневодство было важной частью комплексного хозяйства.
A summary of the items of horse equipment of the early and developed stages of Middle Ages which found at the settlements and the burials of the region is given. These include iron stirrups and bits. Also there is a list of petroglyphs from the Lower Angara region, where the figures of horses and riders are depicted. Their age is determined from the end of the 1st millennium BC up to ethnographic time. During the excavation of the Prospikhinskaya Shivera 1 settlement and the Prospikhinskaya Shivera 4 complex, a collection of bone fragments of a domestic horse was obtained. By zooarchaeological analysis, it was established that there are mainly the bones of the head (teeth, jaws) and distal parts of the limbs are represented. A large amount of dental materials is probably a consequence of the destruction of jaw fragments, and also the properties of the teeth (hardness, compactness). The selectivity of the elements among the bones of the horse’s skeleton is noted. Only the distal elements of the limbs have preserved, even metapodia and phalanges are destroyed. The most preserved are the talus bones, what can be explained by the compactness and the initially complete set of ankle joint, thrown out during the butchering. This composition of bone remains is a set of waste of the primary butchering of horses at the slaughter area. Elements of the axial skeleton and large bones of the limbs are not found. The measurements of the teeth and the postcranial elements of the skeletons indicate their belonging to а not large individuals. The dental characteristics of the Lower Angara horses are slightly less than those of the medieval horses of Western Siberia and the modern Yakut horses. The bones of limbs are noticeably smaller than in the West Siberian and Altai horses. Preliminarily, these measurements can be interpreted as the result of unfavorable conditions of maintenance and feeding of animals in the valley of the valley of the Lower Angara. The most productive areas for grazing were acreage located on low floodplains and islands, both in the Angara valley and along they tributaries. The space of these meadows is small, but sufficient for year-round maintenance of a small number of animals. In the last third of the 1st millennium AD a horses was actively used by the population of the Lower Angara region for riding and as a transport animal, and horse breeding was an important part of the complex economy.
