Over 100 types of chemical modifications have been identified in cellular RNAs. While the 5′
cap modification and the poly(A) tail of eukaryotic mRNA play key roles in regulation, …

Despite its biological importance, tRNA has not been adequately sequenced by standard
methods because of its abundant post-transcriptional modifications and stable structure, which …

N 6 -methyladenosine (m 6 A) is the most prevalent internal (non-cap) modification present
in the messenger RNA of all higher eukaryotes 1 , 2 . Although essential to cell viability and …

Land use/cover change is an important theme on the impacts of human activities on the
earth systems and global environmental change. National land-use changes of China during …

Transfer RNA (tRNA) is present at tens of millions of transcripts in a human cell and is the
most abundant RNA in moles among all cellular RNAs. tRNA is also the most extensively …

The evolution of RNA sequence needs to satisfy three requirements: folding, structure, and
function. Studies on folding during transcription are related directly to folding in the cell. …

RNA-binding proteins control many aspects of cellular biology through binding single-stranded
RNA binding motifs (RBMs) 1 , 2 , 3 . However, RBMs can be buried within their local …

Translational fidelity, essential for protein and cell function, requires accurate transfer RNA (tRNA)
aminoacylation. Purified aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases exhibit a fidelity of one error per …

We report here that fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) has efficient oxidative
demethylation activity targeting the abundant N6-methyladenosine (m 6 A) residues in RNA in …

Recent years have seen intensive progress in measuring protein translation. However, the
contributions of coding sequences to the efficiency of the process remain unclear. Here, we …