In this essay, I examine common scholarly characterizations of the US penny press of the
1830s and 40s that together provide a myth of origins of the contemporary US press. I criticize …

… We invoke the image of the penny to call attention to three related aspects of the harm this
process has caused. First, we use the penny to underscore the commodification of higher …

How do communication costs affect the production of new ideas and inventions? To answer
this question, we study the introduction of the Uniform Penny Post in Great Britain in 1840. …

A large literature in political science takes for granted that democratic leaders would pay
substantial domestic political costs for failing to carry out the public threats they make in …

We examine underpricing, long‐run returns, lockup periods, and gross spreads for penny
stock IPOs over the 1990–1998 period. We find that penny stock IPOs have higher initial …

The discovery of the molecular clock — a relatively constant rate of molecular evolution —
provided an insight into the mechanisms of molecular evolution, and created one of the most …

El español es el segundo idioma en importancia y la tercera lengua más hablada de
nuestro planeta. Cuenta con más de 400 millones de parlantes nativos. Tal como hoy lo …

Event-related potentials (ERPs) provide evidence of a direct link between cognitive events
and brain electrical activity in a wide range of cognitive paradigms. It has generally been held …

Zinc is necessary for physiological processes including defense against infections. Zinc
deficiency is responsible for 4% of global child morbidity and mortality. Zinc supplements given …

In an age where the amount of data collected from brain imaging is increasing constantly, it
is of critical importance to analyse those data within an accepted framework to ensure proper …