Increased 4N (G2/tetraploid) cell populations have been postulated to be genetically
unstable intermediates in the progression to many cancers, but the mechanism by which they …

Neoplasms are thought to progress to cancer through genetic instability generating cellular
diversity 1 , 2 and clonal expansions driven by selection for mutations in cancer genes 3 , 4 . …

It has been hypothesized that neoplastic progression develops as a consequence of an
acquired genetic instability and the subsequent evolution of clonal populations with …

The public health importance of Barrett's oesophagus lies in its association with oesophageal
adenocarcinoma. The incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma has risen at an …

OBJECTIVES: Most patients with Barrett's esophagus do not progress to cancer, but those
who do seem to have markedly increased survival when cancers are detected at an early …

Background Somatic genetic CDKN2A, TP53, and DNA content abnormalities are common
in many human cancers and their precursors, including esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) …

Oncogene amplification on extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) drives the evolution of tumours
and their resistance to treatment, and is associated with poor outcomes for patients with …

BACKGROUND: Abnormalities involving the p16 (also known as cyclin-dependent kinase
N2 [ CDKN2], p16 [INK4a], or MTS1) and p53 (also known as TP53) tumor suppressor genes …

Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is the only known precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma, a
cancer of which the incidence has been increasing at an alarming rate in Western countries. …

Neoplastic progression is an evolutionary process characterized by genomic instability and
waves of clonal expansions carrying genetic and epigenetic lesions to fixation (100% of the …