Two-component signal transduction systems enable bacteria to sense, respond, and adapt
to a wide range of environments, stressors, and growth conditions. In the prototypical two-…

Two-component signal transduction systems are the predominant means by which bacteria
sense and respond to environmental stimuli. Bacteria often employ tens or hundreds of these …

The succession from aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria to obligate anaerobes in the
infant gut along with the differences between the compositions of the mucosally adherent vs…

The EnvZ/OmpR system in Escherichia coli, which regulates the expression of the porins
OmpF and OmpC, is one of the simplest and best-characterized examples of two-component …

To successfully infect a host and cause the diarrheal disease cholera, Vibrio cholerae must
penetrate the intestinal mucosal layer and express virulence genes. Previous studies have …

Microbial populations can maximize fitness in dynamic environments through bet hedging,
a process wherein a subpopulation assumes a phenotype not optimally adapted to the …

We present experiments in which single proteins were imaged and tracked within
mammalian cells. Single proteins of R-phycoerythrin (RPE) were imaged by epifluorescence …

Quantitative spatial distributions of ribosomes (S2‐YFP) and RNA polymerase (RNAP; β′‐yGFP)
in live Escherichia coli are measured by superresolution fluorescence microscopy. In …

The material properties of lipid bilayers can affect membrane protein function whenever
conformational changes in the membrane-spanning proteins perturb the structure of the …

Histidine kinases (HKs) are major players in bacterial signaling. There has been an explosion
of new HK crystal structures in the last 5 years. We globally analyze the structures of HKs …