The exploration of the upper atmosphere was given a jump start in the United States by
German V-2 rockets-Hitler's" vengeance weapon"-captured at the end of World War II. The …

Henry Norris Russell lived in two universes: that of his Presbyterian forebears and that of his
science. Sharp-witted and animated by nervous energy, he became one of the most …

In the spirit of National Geographic’s top-selling Orbit, this large-format, full-color volume stands
alone in revealing more than 200 of the most spectacular images from the Hubble Space …

Internationalism in science, particularly in astronomy and the geophysical sciences, has
taken on many forms, reflecting the need to record synoptically as well as over both spatially …

The fiftieth anniversary of the International Geophysical Year (IGY) and the opening of a
fourth International Polar Year (IPY) in 2007 provided historians and other students of science …

The bibliography consists of citations to popular and scholarly works dated December 31,
1980 or earlier that either represent the opinions and recollections of those directly involved in …

IF THE DATE OF BIRTH OF ASTROPHYSICS were to be identified, it ought to be 1859. In
that year Gustav Robert Kirchhoff analyzed the solar spectrum, and from that time on a …

Also as in science, there are many forms information might take in presenting its history.
Traditional resources are the printed word intended both for peer and public consumption, and …

Every student of stellar astronomy en-counters the fundamental relationship expressed by
the Hertzsprung–Russell Diagram. One cannot effectively discuss stars–how they are born, …

-JimBennett,“Scientific Instruments,” in Research Methods Guide, Department of History and
Philosophy of Science, University of Cambridge nyone sensitive to the immense costs …