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Arabinogalactan-protein epitope Gal4 is differentially regulated and localized in cell lines of hybrid fir (Abies alba × Abies cephalonica) with different embryogenic and regeneration potential

  • Cell Biology and Morphogenesis
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Abstract

Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are important proteoglycans regulating somatic embryogenesis in diverse plant species. Embryogenic cells of somatic embryos are covered by special extracellular cell wall layer called extracellular surface matrix network (ECMSN) at their early developmental stages. Here we show that highly embryogenic cell line AC78 of hybrid fir (Abies alba × Abies cephalonica) differs from very low-embryogenic cell line AC77 in the abundance, subcellular localization and deposition of subset of secreted AGPs. A specific AGP epitope containing Gal residues and reacting to Gal4 antibody is secreted and deposited into ECMSN, which covers the surface of the embryogenic cells showing high embryogenic and regeneration capacity in the cell line AC78. On the other hand, this Gal4 AGP epitope was not secreted and/or found on the surface of meristematic cells showing low embryogenic and regeneration capacity in the cell line AC77, as well as on the surface of non-embryogenic suspensor cells and callus cells in both cell lines AC77 and AC78. As a positive control, we have used another AGP epitope LM2 (containing glucuronic acid) showing no significant differences in these two Abies hybrid lines. This study defines specific AGPs containing β-(1→6)-galactotetraosyl group as a first molecular component of ECMSN covering embryogenic cells in gymnosperms.

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Abbreviations

AC77:

Very low-embryogenic cell line of hybrid fir

AC78:

Highly-embryogenic cell line of hybrid fir

AGP:

Arabinogalactan protein

Gal4 antibody:

Antibody raised against the β-(1→6)-galactotetraosyl group of arabinogalactan protein

ECMSN:

Extracellular matrix surface network

LM2 antibody:

Antibody recognizing arabinogalactan protein containing β-linked glucuronic acid residue

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the grant from the Slovak Grant Agency VEGA, Project Nr. 2/5022/25, and DAAD-SAV project Nr. 62223.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115, Bonn, Germany

    Jozef Šamaj, Tomáš Takáč, Ol′ga Šamajová & Dieter Volkmann

  2. Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Akademicka 2, 950 07, Nitra, Slovak Republic

    Jozef Šamaj, Terézia Salaj, Radoslava Matúšová, Ján Salaj & Tomáš Takáč

  3. Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Akademicka 2, 950 07, Nitra, Slovak Republic

    Ol′ga Šamajová

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  1. Jozef Šamaj
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Correspondence to Jozef Šamaj.

Additional information

Communicated by L. Peña.

Electronic supplementary material

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299_2007_429_MOESM1_ESM.jpg

Supplementary Figure 1. Developmental SEM observations revealed progressive accumulation of ECMSN on the surface of embryogenic cells in the cell line AC78. Bars represent 3 µm for a; and 10 µm for b ESM1 (JPEG 34.8 kb)

299_2007_429_MOESM2_ESM.jpg

Supplementary Figure 2. Non-embryogenic calli of the cell line AC78 (a) and AC77 (c) were used as positive controls and labelled with Gal4 antibody (b and d, respectively). Note, that this epitope was restricted to the cytoplasm but not secreted to the cell wall in callus cells of both lines. Bars represent 50 µm for a, c; and 20 µm for b and d ESM2 (JPEG 35.5 kb)

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Šamaj, J., Salaj, T., Matúšová, R. et al. Arabinogalactan-protein epitope Gal4 is differentially regulated and localized in cell lines of hybrid fir (Abies alba × Abies cephalonica) with different embryogenic and regeneration potential. Plant Cell Rep 27, 221–229 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-007-0429-1

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