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A new myeloarchitectonic map of the human neocortex based on data from the Vogt–Vogt school

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An Erratum to this article was published on 11 September 2014

Abstract

The human cerebral cortex contains numerous myelinated fibres, the arrangement and density of which is by no means homogeneous throughout the cortex. Local differences in the spatial organization of these fibres render it possible to recognize areas with a different myeloarchitecture. The neuroanatomical subdiscipline aimed at the identification and delineation of such areas is known as myeloarchitectonics. During the period extending from 1910 to 1970, Oscar and Cécile Vogt and their numerous collaborators (The Vogt–Vogt school) published a large number of myeloarchitectonic studies on the cortex of the various lobes of the human cerebrum. Recently, one of us (Nieuwenhuys in Brain Struct Funct 218: 303–352, 2013) extensively reviewed these studies. It was concluded that the data available are adequate and sufficient for the composition of a myeloarchitectonic map of the entire human neocortex. The present paper is devoted to the creation of this map. Because the data provided by the Vogt–Vogt school are derived from many different brains, a standard brain had to be introduced to which all data available could be transferred. As such, the colin27 structural scan, aligned to the MNI305 template was selected. The procedure employed in this transfer involved computer-aided transformations of the lobar maps available in the literature, to the corresponding regions of the standard brain, as well as local adjustments in the border zones of the various lobes. The resultant map includes 180 myeloarchitectonic areas, 64 frontal, 30 parietal, 6 insular, 17 occipital and 63 temporal. The designation of the various areas with simple Arabic numbers, introduced by Oscar Vogt for the frontal and parietal cortices, has been extended over the entire neocortex. It may be expected that combination of the myeloarchitectonic data of the Vogt–Vogt school, as expressed in our map, with the results of the detailed cytoarchitectonic and receptor architectonic studies of Karl Zilles and Katrin Amunts and their numerous associates, will yield a comprehensive ‘supermap’ of the structural organization of the human neocortex. For the time being, i. e., as long as this ‘supermap’ is not yet available, our map may provide a tentative frame of reference for (a) the morphological interpretation of the results of functional neuroimaging studies; (b) the selection of starting points (seed voxels, regions-of-interest) in diffusion tractography studies and (c) the interpretation of putative myeloarchitectonic features, visualized by in vivo and ex vivo mappings of the cerebral cortex with high-field magnetic resonance imaging.

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Abbreviations

acg:

Anterior cingulate gyrus

ambg:

Ambient gyrus

ang:

Angular gyrus

aog:

Anterior orbital gyrus

aos:

Arcuate orbital sulcus

asg:

Accessory short gyrus of insula

attg:

Anterior transverse temporal gyrus

atts:

Anterior transverse temporal sulcus

calcs:

Calcarine sulcus

ces:

Central sulcus

cesins:

Central sulcus of insula

cisins:

Circular sulcus of insula

cols:

Collateral sulcus

cs:

Cingulate sulcus

csab:

Cingulate sulcus, ascending branch

cun:

Cuneus

fg:

Fasciolar gyrus

icg:

Isthmus of cingular gyrus

ifg:

Inferior frontal gyrus

ifgor:

Inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part

ifgop:

Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part

ifgt:

Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part

ifs:

Inferior frontal sulcus

ipl:

Inferior parietal lobule

ips:

Intraparietal sulcus

itg:

Inferior temporal gyrus

its:

Inferior temporal sulcus

lg1, 2:

First and second long gyrus of insula

log:

Lateral orbital gyrus

los:

Lateral orbital sulcus

lotg:

Lateral occipitotemporal (fusiform) gyrus

ls:

Lateral sulcus

lsab:

Lateral sulcus, ascending branch

lsan:

Lateral sulcus, anterior branch

lsp:

Lateral sulcus, posterior branch

mfg:

Middle frontal gyrus

mog:

Medial orbital gyrus

mos:

Medial orbital sulcus

motg:

Medial occipitotemporal (lingual) gyrus

mtg:

Middle temporal gyrus

mtps:

Medial temporopolar sulcus

mtts:

Middle transverse temporal sulcus

og:

Occipital gyri

olfs:

Olfactory sulcus

ots:

Occipitotemporal sulcus

pcg:

Posterior cingulate gyrus

pcl:

Paracentral lobule

pcun:

Precuneus

phg:

Parahippocampal gyrus

pocg:

Postcentral gyrus

pocs:

Postcentral sulcus

pog:

Posterior orbital gyrus

pos:

Parieto-occipital sulcus

prcg:

Precentral gyrus

prcs:

Precentral sulcus

pron:

Preoccipital notch

pttg:

Posterior transverse temporal gyrus

ptts:

Posterior transverse temporal sulcus

rhs:

Rhinal sulcus

ris:

Rostral inferior sulcus

rss:

Rostral superior sulcus

sfg:

Superior frontal gyrus

sfs:

Superior frontal sulcus

sg1, 2, 3:

First, second and third short gyrus of insula

smg:

Supramarginal gyrus

spl:

Superior parietal lobule

stg:

Superior temporal gyrus

strg:

Straight gyrus

sts:

Superior temporal sulcus

stsp:

Superior temporal sulcus, posterior part

tp:

Temporal plane

unc:

Uncus of hippocampus

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Prof. Lawrence Bannister for critically reading the ‘Materials and methods’ section, Mr. Ton Put for help with the illustrations, Dr. Joris Coppens for carrying out some initial transformations, Dr. Jenneke Kruisbrink for help with the collection of literature, and Suzanne Bakker M. Sc. for moral support and reference management.

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  1. The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Rudolf Nieuwenhuys, Cees A. J. Broere & Leonardo Cerliani

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Nieuwenhuys, R., Broere, C.A.J. & Cerliani, L. A new myeloarchitectonic map of the human neocortex based on data from the Vogt–Vogt school. Brain Struct Funct 220, 2551–2573 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-014-0806-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-014-0806-9

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