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The genetic legacy of the Quaternary ice ages

Nature volume 405, pages 907–913 (2000)Cite this article

Abstract

Global climate has fluctuated greatly during the past three million years, leading to the recent major ice ages. An inescapable consequence for most living organisms is great changes in their distribution, which are expressed differently in boreal, temperate and tropical zones. Such range changes can be expected to have genetic consequences, and the advent of DNA technology provides most suitable markers to examine these. Several good data sets are now available, which provide tests of expectations, insights into species colonization and unexpected genetic subdivision and mixture of species. The genetic structure of human populations may be viewed in the same context. The present genetic structure of populations, species and communities has been mainly formed by Quaternary ice ages, and genetic, fossil and physical data combined can greatly help our understanding of how organisms were so affected.

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Figure 1: The maximum extent of ice and permafrost at the end of the last ice age 20,000 yr BP.
Figure 2: Three paradigm postglacial colonizations from southern Europe deduced from DNA differences for the grasshopper, Chorthippus parallelus, the hedgehog, Erinaceus europeus/concolor, and the bear, Ursos arctos .
Figure 3: The general position of some well-known hybrid zones in Europe, which show major clustering in Scandinavia, central Europe and the Alps.

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    Godfrey Hewitt

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Hewitt, G. The genetic legacy of the Quaternary ice ages. Nature 405, 907–913 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1038/35016000

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